The maturity data measures and compares momentum in EV adoption and infrastructure development across global markets. It uses HERE proprietary EV charge point data and global government data sources to assess the relationship between EV uptake and charging infrastructure readiness. Throughout this report, EV refers to 100% electric, zero-emission battery electric vehicles; it does not include hybrids.
The maturity data is used to calculate the core metrics. These metrics are designed from the consumer’s perspective to evaluate regional performance factors that directly affect driver experience. They are used to assess:
How far drivers must travel to find a charger: measured by the number of public EV chargers per road length.
How quickly drivers can charge: measured by the average power capacity of public EV chargers.
How many EVs are on the road compared with internal combustion engine vehicles: measured by the share of EVs in the total vehicle fleet.
How likely drivers are to find an unoccupied charger: measured by the ratio of public chargers to EVs on the road.
How the index is calculated
Charger availability = 25 points
Charger power = 25 points
EV fleet share = 25 points
Chargers per EV = 25 points
Maximum score: 100 points
Each market is scored using a 100-point scale, with the four core metrics contributing up to 25 points each. The overall score determines the ranking, but the individual metrics are just as important because they show where a market is performing well and where it still needs to improve.
Analyzing the maturity data alongside survey responses related to charging experiences shows that markets with stronger scores tend to have fewer drivers avoiding trips due to charging concerns. This indicates that the index reflects real-world ownership conditions.
The balance score shows whether the four core metrics that shape the EV driver experience are developing in sync: charger availability, charger power, EV fleet share and chargers per EV. It is based on the degree of deviation across those metrics, so lower scores indicate stronger balance. The score measures alignment rather than absolute maturity: a market can perform well overall but still show imbalance if one metric is much stronger or weaker than the others, creating challenges as adoption rises.
A less mature market can have a strong balance score if its metrics are developing at a similar pace, signaling a more coherent foundation for phased growth once investment and adoption accelerate. Conversely, a more mature market may show weaker balance if one part of the ecosystem lags behind. The score helps show which parts of the ecosystem need to catch up to enable sustained growth.
The maturity data includes 50 US states and Washington, D.C., 30 countries in Europe, 34 Indian states and union territories and eight states and territories in Australia. In the US, updated charge point information was made available following the publication of the HERE-SBD EV Index 2025. The 2025 figures have been revised accordingly and any 2026 YoY comparisons reflect the updated information.
The 30 European countries covered are Norway, Luxembourg, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, Austria, Sweden, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Latvia, Finland, Slovakia, Switzerland, France, Estonia, Croatia, Italy, the Czech Republic, Portugal, the United Kingdom, Romania, Greece, Spain, Slovenia, the Republic of Ireland, Poland, Hungary, Cyprus and Malta.
The 34 Indian states and union territories covered are Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chandigarh, Chhattisgarh, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Delhi, Goa, Gujarat, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Ladakh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Odisha, Puducherry, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and West Bengal.
The eight Australian states and territories covered are New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, South Australia, Tasmania, the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory.
Building on last year’s research, the survey continues to add a perception layer by capturing driver attitudes, motivations, barriers and charging experiences. The 2025 survey covered the US, India, five European markets: France, Germany, Spain, Italy and the UK.
Australia was added in 2026, bringing the survey sample to 4,058 respondents across the US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the UK, India and Australia, including 850 EV owners and 3,208 non-EV owners.
Respondents were required to have purchased a vehicle from 2017 onward and to be the primary driver and decision-maker for their next vehicle purchase. The survey includes both EV owners and non-EV owners to compare ownership experiences, purchase intentions and charging perceptions across different stages of adoption.
Term | Description | Methodology for calculation | Data source |
|---|---|---|---|
Score: chargers per road length | The score (out of 25) of how many chargers there are in the region per length of roadway. | Each of the countries / states within a region (EU / USA) are stack-ranked with a max rank of 25 (best) and min rank of 25 divided by the number of countries / states. | |
Score: average charger power | The score (out of 25) of the average charger power in the region. | Each of the countries / states within a region (EU / USA) are stack-ranked with a max rank of 25 (best) and min rank of 25 divided by the number of countries / states. | |
Score: EV to non-EV on road | The score (out of 25) of how many chargers there are in the region per EV registered in the fleet. | Each of the countries / states within a region (EU / USA) are stack-ranked with a max rank of 25 (best) and min rank of 25 divided by the number of countries / states. | |
Score: chargers per EV | The score (out of 25) of how many chargers there are in the region per EV registered in the fleet. | Each of the countries / states within a region (EU / USA) are stack-ranked with a max rank of 25 (best) and min rank of 25 divided by the number of countries / states. | |
Total score (out of 100) | Indicates the total score relative to the other states or countries in the region. Consists of the sum of the four individual scores | Each of the four scores is added together. A perfect score would be 100, indicating that the country or state achieved top rank in all four metrics. | N/A |
Balance score | Shows whether charger access, power and EV adoption are developing in sync. If metrics don't progress together, gaps can create strain as adoption rises. Lower scores indicate a more balanced ecosystem poised for growth. | The difference between max. and min. of the four scoring metrics. | N/A |
GDP (Europe) | Gross domestic product per European country | Direct from source | |
Median household income (US and Australia) | Median household income by US state and Australian state or territory | Direct from source | |
Population | Statistical population of the region | Direct from source | World Bank (EU), US Census (USA), Australian Bureau of Statistics (Australia) |
Chargers per road length | The number of chargers per length of roadway in the region as reported by official statistics. This is normalized across each region (i.e. miles for US, km for Europe) | Charger count divided by the total road way length. | N/A |
Avg. charger power (kW) | The average power per charger in the region. | Total Power divided by charger count | |
EV fleet share | The percentage of the vehicles in operation in the region that are EVs. Vehicles in operation is typically defined by the official governing bodies as any vehicle that is actively registered. | Calculated for Europe, the data is directly provided by EAFO. For USA, this is calculated by SBD from the EVs data field divided by the overall fleet size information from the US DOT FHWA. | EAFO (EU) USDOT FHWA (USA), MoRTH (India), BITRE (Australia) |
Charger per EV | The number of chargers per EV in the region's fleet | Charger count divided by EVs. The inverse of this calculation is the commonly-cited EVs-per-charger. | |
EVs | The number of vehicles in operation in the region that are EVs. Vehicles in operation is typically defined by the official governing bodies as any vehicle that is actively registered. | Direct from source | EAFO (EU), US DOE & AAI.org (USA) |
EV market share | The annual market share of EVs compared to non-EVs. Market share refers to the proportion of vehicles sold in that particular year. | Direct from source | EAFO (Europe), AutosInnovate.org (USA), BITRE (Australia), MoRTH (India) |
Charger count | Total quantity of chargers in the region. This is based on the OCPI definition of a charger. | Each charger is counted for the entire region. The calculation includes only chargers that can operate simultaneously. | |
Total power (kW) | The combined maximum power of all chargers in the region | For chargers with multiple connectors that cannot operate simulataneously, only the highest power connector is selected for the calculation. For instance, if a charger has a 50 kW CHAdeMO connector and a 75 kW CCS connector, only the 75 kW connector is included in the calculation. Note that some charging pools (groups of chargers) will have a combined maximum power. This limitation is not included in this calculation. | |
Road length | Total road network length used for normalization, measured in miles (US) and km (Europe) and standardized within each region. Note that each region has different standards for classifying roadways. The selection of the roadway type was standardized within each region. The intent is to sum all roadways considered for public vehicular traffic. | Direct from source | CIA World Factbook (EU), US DOT FHWA (USA) |
ICE | Internal combustion engine vehicle | N/A | N/A |
EV | 100% electric, zero-emission battery electric vehicle, not including hybrids | N/A | N/A |
Non-EV | Vehicles with internal combustion engine, plug-in hybrids and traditional hybrids | N/A | N/A |
PHEV | Hybrid vehicle with a battery that can be charged externally and an internal combustion engine for propulsion support or backup | N/A | N/A |
AC | Alternating Current lower-power charging, often used for destination or on-street charging | N/A | N/A |
DC | Direct Current higher-power charging, often used for rapid charging and corridors | N/A | N/A |
Charge point / charger | A single publicly accessible charging unit or outlet counted in infrastructure statistics | N/A | N/A |
